rahirah made an
interesting observation about darkfic:
When I set out to write a story that I think is dark, it's almost always about the characters doing something bad. When I click on a story labelled darkfic, it's almost always about something bad being done to the characters. Not always, either way. But an awful lot of the time. I suppose that Means Something.
Well I think she is exactly right, so I've been pondering what it might Mean and why.
First off, the vast majority of fic that I would consider part of the darkfic genre - either because it is labelled that way, or because it appears on coms such as
sickchicks, or because it is by writers who are associated with the genre - is written from the POV of the person experiencing the slavery/torture/domination/rape/general badness. Even in those situations when the author is not very experienced with handling POV, or is trying something experimental, the story will still have the underdog as the protagonist and the reader is clearly intended to sympathise with and see the world through the eyes of the underdog.
The main thing that all this type of darkfic has in common therefore is the lack of agency of the recipient. They are having terrible - sometimes very terrible - things happen to them with little or no choice about it. Even where there is a nominal choice, there are normally huge emotional pressures involved in the set-up of the story to ensure that the choice is in fact just illusory. Whether the 'bad' is sexual domination, corporal punishment, BDSM, medical procedures, torture, slavery, being made to listen to 1980s pop music or something even worse - the common thread that makes it darkfic is this lack of agency.
Now, various suggestions spill around about why people might like that sort of genre. I have often seen it suggested that it appeals to people who are naturally responsible in real life and who find it relaxing to step down from that position and imagine themselves in the head space of someone from whom all responsibility and agency has been removed. Hence the cliché of the High Court Judge playing a naughty schoolboy for his dominatrix. Personally though, I know people who enjoy darkfic and related genres who are in positions of great responsibility and people who have no responsibility at all, they can be from every class from upper to lower, male, female and the people in between, straight, gay, asexual, left wing, right wing and just about every other variant I can think of. So I reckon it is just a kink preference like any other - you either have it or you don't. Maybe we were all frightened by teddy bears as children or have a common gene or were exposed to a certain balance of chemical in the womb - who cares, it is a very common preference and so it is not surprising that the darkfic genre has evolved to express and cater to it.
However, there is still a substantial minority of fic which is written from the POV or focus of the top-dog. At first glance therefore this form of darkfic is not about the person who is experiencing bad things but explores the mindset of those who like to perpetrate them.
Now, naturally these two things need not be mutually exclusive. Someone who enjoys experiencing bad stuff through the eyes of the underdog probably will have an interest in what motivates the one on top. But that is probably going to be more of an intellectual interest - it won't push the buttons in the same way. And if it does push buttons, then I would suggest those were a different set of buttons - no reason why they might not occur in the same person, after all - and that therefore fic from the top-dog's POV should really be classified under a different genre (topfic, perhaps).
But in fact something a little more subtle is going on, which I reckon brings a fair few of these top-dog POV fics back into the darkfic fold. Because if you look at who features as the protagonist in these top-dog-centric fics they have a thread in common. (I'm going to use examples from the Buffyverse since they are the ones I and most of my readers are familiar with.) There are a lot of women - Buffy, Willow and Faith especially - and amongst the men Spike, Wesley and Xander all feature prominently. But you very seldom get Giles, Angel or Riley as the POV top-dog character in a darkfic, let alone people like Darla, the Master or Sebassis - all of whome would fit into the role with very little affront to canon. What then is the distinction?
Well the obvious distinction is that the top-dog POV characters who do appear a lot are all characters with whom it is possible to identify as having
underdog characteristics. Buffy, Faith and Willow may all be strong in one way, but they are also fragile women to whom some pretty ghastly things have happened over the years and the audience are used to empathising with their pain. The same with Spike, Wesley and Xander - they have their strengths, but they have also been beaten up, abandoned, outcast or otherwise suffered in canon. By contrast, Giles has suffered, but it is very hard to see Giles as an underdog, the same with Darla, or Riley. They have been knocked about a bit from time to time, but never cowed, and people tend not to be writing them.
So suddenly these apparent top-dog POV stories come back into the darkfic fold because they are no longer quite so clearly about the top-dog, but are about what happens when an underdog lashes out. They are the abused kid growing up to become an abuser, with all the rage, violence and lack of mental control that implies - and suddenly you can see why they might appeal to the same audience.
Angel is an odd one and he could potentially be a top-dog who is really an underdog for some people, and I think I have seen him be so once or twice, but it is pretty rare, probably mainly because most of us are very unused to thinking of a large physically strong white male in that way, and once Angel is given the whip hand it takes a very good writer to keep reminding us of his underdog characteristics. Hence I would say that most darkfic I have seen that has Angel in the top role tends to be written from the POV of the underdog - Spike, Wesley, Buffy or whoever.
So I reckon we have a rule for what is darkfic, and why so much of it is about bad things happening to people rather than people doing bad things - darkfic is by and for those who, for whatever reason, like to imagine the world through the eyes of an underdog.
I can actually only think of one exception to this rule which is the
Giles Through a Glass Darkly series by
glassdarklyuk, which is about Giles subjugating Spike and it is written from Giles's POV with no noticeable background of trauma for Giles to 'explain' his actions. That could just be the exception that proves the rule, but I would say it is because Glassdarkly is one of the very best writers in the genre, and like all very good writers she innovates, she takes the expected rules of the genre and twists them so that part of the pleasure of reading one of her stories is to see that she is doing something new within the familiar confines. Of course somebody with no other experience of the genre could still enjoy GTaGD just for itself, but to those of us who are familiar with the genre and its unspoken rules there is that extra twist of interest to see Glassdarkly innovate.
So what do other people think? Have I missed the mark widely? Do you consider darkfic to be something else entirely? Can you think of a sub-set of undoubtedly darkfic stories that disprove my 'rule' in some way? What about the enigma of Angel? And what would be a good name for the perfectly valid and interesting genre that
rahirah has suggested she likes to write - fic that explores the mindset of people doing bad things? I've written some of that myself (
Butterfly Catchers, for example) and it is indeed a great genre to write as an author, but its not darkfic and I don't know what to call it instead.